macrolide antibiotic – Ibn Hayyan Pharmaceuticals

Packing :5 g.

Form : Opht. Ointment

Theraputic Categories : Ophthalmologic Drugs

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Erythromycin 5 mg./ g

Packing :20 cap.

Form : D.R.Capsules

Theraputic Categories : Anti- infectives

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Erythromycin 250 mg.

Packing :15 ml. 30 ml.

Form : Dry Suspension

Theraputic Categories : Pediatric Drugs

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Azithromycin (dihydrate) 200 mg./ 5ml.

Composition and excipients:

Each AZITHROMYCIN IBN HAYYAN F.C. Tablet contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 500 mg ( as dihydrate).

inactive ingredients:

* Core: Prosolv, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Magnesium Stearate, Cross Carmellose Sodium, Talc, Colloidal anhydrous silica, Microcrystalline Cellulose.

*Film: Hypromellose, Talc, Polyethylene Glycol, and Titanium dioxide.

Each Azithromycin IBN HAYYAN capsule contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 250 mg ( as dihydrate).

inactive ingredients: Lactose, corn starch, magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate.

Each 5ml of AZITHROMYCIN IBN HAYYAN oral suspension after reconstitution contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 200 mg of ( as dihydrate ) .

inactive ingredients: Sugar, Xanthan Gum, Sodium benzoate, Sodium citrate, citric acid and Orange flavor.

Pharmacological properties and mechanism of action:

Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin. It acts by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms and, thus, interfering with microbial protein synthesis. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected.

– Azithromycin concentrates in phagocytes and fibroblasts as demonstrated by in vitro incubation techniques. Using such methodology, the ratio of intracellular to extracellular concentration was >30 after one hour incubation. In vivo studies suggest that concentration in phagocytes may contribute to drug distribution to inflamed tissues.

Microbiology:

Azithromycin is effective against a wide variety of the following bacteria organisms :

– Aerobic Gram-Positive Microorganisms: such as Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Streptococcus pyogenes .

– Aerobic Gram-Negative Microorganisms: such as Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

– Other microorgaisms: such as Chlamydia trachomatis , Chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Notes: Azithromycin demonstrates cross-resistance with erythromycin-resistant gram-positive strains. Most strains of Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant staphylococci are resistant to azithromycin.

– Beta-lactamase production should have no effect on azithromycin activity.

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption: The absolute bioavailability of azithromycin 250 mg capsules is 38%.

When a single 500 mg dose of azithromycin (two 250 mg capsules) is given with or without a high fat meal, food increases C_max by 23% but had no effect on AUC.

When azithromycin oral suspension is administered with food, the rate of absorption (C _max) is increased by 56 % and AUC is unchanged.

The AUC of azithromycin was unaffected by co-administration of an antacid containing aluminum and magnesium hydroxide with azithromycin capsules; however, the C_max was reduced by 24%. Administration of cimetidine (800 mg) two hours prior to azithromycin had no effect on azithromycin absorption.

Distribution: The serum protein binding of azithromycin is variable, decreasing from 51% at 0.02 mg/ml to 7% at 2 mg/ml.

Following oral administration, azithromycin is widely distributed throughout the body with an apparent steady-state volume of distribution of 31.1 L/kg. Greater azithromycin concentrations in tissues than in plasma or serum were observed. High tissue concentrations should not be interpreted to be quantitatively related to clinical efficacy. The antimicrobial activity of Azithromycin is pH related and appears to be reduced with decreasing pH. However, the extensive distribution of drug to tissues may be relevant to clinical activity.

Azithromycin concentrates highly in the lungs and tonsils where its concentration in tonsils is more than 100-fold greater than in serum after two doses of 250 mg each, separated by 12 hours. Azithromycin also exists in the skin, cervix, sputum with a lower concentrations.

The extensive tissue distribution was confirmed by examination of additional tissues and fluids (bone, ejaculum, prostate, ovary, uterus, salpinx, stomach, liver, and gallbladder).

– Following a regimen of 500 mg on the first day and 250 mg daily for 4 days, only very low concentrations were noted in cerebrospinal fluid (less than 0.01 mg/ml) in the presence of non-inflamed meninges.

– Metabolism & elimination: Azithromycin is eliminated by Biliary route, as unchanged drug. Over the course of a week, approximately 6% of the administered dose appears as unchanged in urine. In vitro and in vivo studies to assess the metabolism of azithromycin have not been performed. The terminal elimination half-life is about 68 hours.

Special Populations

Renal Insufficiency: Following the oral administration of a single 1,000 mg dose of azithromycin, mean C_max increased by 5.1% in subjects with mild to moderate renal impairment (GFR 10 to 80 ml/min). The mean C_max increased by 35%, in subjects with severe renal impairment (GFR <10 ml/min) compared to subjects with normal renal function (GFR >80 ml/min).

Hepatic Insufficiency: The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in subjects with hepatic impairment have not been established.

Geriatric Patients: The pharmacokinetic parameters of azithromycin in elderly men were similar to those in young adults; however, in elderly women, although higher peak concentrations (increased by 30 to 50%) were observed, no significant accumulation occurred.

Indications:

Azithromycin is indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in specific conditions. As recommended dosages, durations of therapy and applicable patient populations vary among these infections.

Adults:

– Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy.

– Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes ( as an alternative to pencillin which is the first line therapy) in individuals who cannot use pencillin.

Note: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.

Azithromycin is often effective in the eradication of susceptible strains of Streptococcus pyogenes from the nasopharynx. Because some strains are resistant to Azithromycin, susceptibility tests should be performed when patients are treated with Azithromycin. Data establishing efficacy of azithromycin in subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available.

-Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical

drainage.

-Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

-Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). The efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established.

– Azithromycin, at the recommended dose, should not be relied upon to treat syphilis. Antimicrobial agents used in high doses for short periods of time to treat non-gonococcal urethritis may mask or delay the symptoms of incubating syphilis. All patients with sexually-transmitted urethritis or cervicitis should have a serologic test for syphilis and appropriate cultures for gonorrhea performed at the time of diagnosis.

– Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be performed before treatment to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to azithromycin. Therapy with Azithromycin may be initiated before results of these tests are known; once the results become available, antimicrobial therapy should be adjusted accordingly.

Children:

– Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae

– Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy.

– Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes ( as an alternative to pencillin which is the first line therapy) in individuals who cannot use pencillin.

Note: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.

Contraindications:

Azithromycin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, or any macrolide antibiotic.

Warnings & Precautions:

– This drug should be used with caution in individuals with history of arrhythmias and prolonged QT intervals.

– Pregnancy 🙁 category B) : There are no adequate studies of Azithromycin in pregnant women, so it should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

– Breastfeeding: It is not known whether azithromycin is excreted in human milk, so caution should be exercised when azithromycin is administered to a nursing woman.

– Pediatric use:

– Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media under 6 months of age have not been established.

– Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute bacterial sinusitis under 6 months of age have not been established.

– Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia under 6 months of age have not been established. Safety and effectiveness for pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were documented in pediatric clinical trials. Safety and effectiveness for pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were not documented bacteriologically in the pediatric clinical trial due to difficulty in obtaining specimens. Use of azithromycin for these two microorganisms is supported, however, by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies in adults.

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with pharyngitis/tonsillitis under 2 years of age have not been established.

– Hepatic Impairment: Because Azithromycin is principally eliminated via the liver, caution should be exersiced when it is administrated to patients with impaired hepatic function

– Renal Impairment: No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (GFR 10 – 80 ml/min). Caution should be exercised when azithromycin is administered to patients with severe renal impairment (GFR < 10 ml/min).The mean Cmax and AUC increased 61% and 35%, respectively in subjects with severe renal impairment (GFR<10ml/min).

– Treatment with macrolides alters the normal flora of the colon and may permit overgrowth of clostridia. Studies indicate that a toxin produced by Clostridium difficile is a primary cause of “antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.” Pseudomembranous colitis is associated by occurring diarrhea and it may range in severity from mild to life-threatening. mild cases of pseudomembranous colitis usually respond to discontinuation of the drug alone.

– Azithromycin should not be used in patients with pneumonia (adults or in pediatric patients) who are judged to be inappropriate for oral therapy because of moderate to severe illness or risk factors such as any of the following:

– patients with cystic fibrosis.

– patients with nosocomially acquired infections.

– patients with known or suspected bacteremia.

– patients requiring hospitalization.

– elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia).

– Serious allergic reactions, including angioedema, anaphylaxis, and dermatologic reactions including Stevens Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported rarely in patients on azithromycin therapy. Although rare, fatalities have been reported. Despite initially successful symptomatic treatment of the allergic symptoms, when symptomatic therapy was discontinued, the allergic symptoms recurred soon thereafter in some patients without further azithromycin exposure. These patients required prolonged periods of observation and symptomatic treatment. The relationship of these episodes to the long tissue half-life of azithromycin and subsequent prolonged exposure to antigen is unknown at present.

– If an allergic reaction occurs, the drug should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be instituted. Physicians should be aware that reappearance of the allergic symptoms may occur when symptomatic therapy is discontinued.

Adverse reactions:

– most of the side effects are mild to moderate in severity and are reversible upon discontinuation of the drug . Most of the side effects leading to discontinuation are related to the gastrointestinal tract, e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loose stools, and abdominal pain. Rarely but potentially serious side effects are angioedema and cholestatic jaundice.

-Occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias has been reported with macrolide antibiotics, including ventricular tachycardia and torsade de points, in individuals with prolonged QT intervals.

Drug interactions :

– when azithromycin and these drugs are used concomitantly, careful monitoring of patients is advised:

Antacids: Aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids reduce the peak serum concentration of Azithromycin.

Cimitidine: it is advisable to take it two hours before taking Azithromycin.

Nelfinavir: when administered in conjunction with Azithromycin, close monitoring for side effects resulting , such as liver enzyme abnormalities and hearing impairment, is warranted.

Theophylline : concurrent use of Azithromycin and theophylline is associated with increased serum concentrations of theophylline.

Warfarin: Concurrent use of Azithromycin and warfarin is associated with increased anticoagulant effects. Therefore, careful monitoring of prothrombin time is important in all patients treated with azithromycin and warfarin concomitantly.

Digoxin—elevated serum digoxin levels.

Ergotamine or dihydroergotamine–acute ergot toxicity .

Triazolam--decrease the clearance of triazolam and thus may increase the pharmacologic effect of triazolam.

Drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P 450 system–elevations of serum carbamazepine, cyclosporine, hexobarbital, and phenytoin levels.

Dosage and Administration:

Adults:

Azithromycin ( tablets and capsules) can be taken with or without food.

– Community-aquired pneumonia of mild severity, Pharyngitis/tonsillitis (as second-line therapy) and uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections is: 500 mg as a single dose on the first day followed by 250 mg once daily on Days 2 through 5.

– mild to moderate acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is either 500 mg per day for 3 days or 500 mg as a single dose on Day 1, followed by 250 mg once daily on Days 2 through 5.

– Genital ulcer disease due to haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid) and non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis due to C. trachomatis : a single 1 g (1000 mg) dose of Azithromycin. This dose can be administered as four 250 mg capsules.

– urethritis and cervicitis due to neisseria gonorrhoeae: a single 2 gram (2000 mg) dose of Azithromycin.

Renal Insufficiency: No dosage adjustment is recommended for subjects with renal impairment (GFR < 80 ml/min). Caution should be exercised when azithromycin is administered to subjects with severe renal impairment.

Hepatic Insufficiency: No dose adjustment recommendations can be made in patients with impaired hepatic function.

– No dosage adjustment is recommended based on age or gender.

Children:

Azithromycin for oral suspension can be taken with or without food.

– Acute Otitis Media: The recommended dose of Azithromycin for oral suspension is 30 mg/kg given as a single dose or 10 mg/kg once daily for 3 days or 10 mg/kg as a single dose on the first day followed by 5 mg/kg/day on Days 2 through 5.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The recommended dose of Azithromycin for oral suspension is 10mg/kg as a single dose on the first day followed by 5 mg/kg on Days 2 through 5.

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: The recommended dose is 12 mg/kg once daily for 5 days.

– Based on pediatric pharmacokinetic data, a dose of 20 mg/kg would be similar to the adult dose of 1200 mg but with a higher C_max.

– For children weighing less than 15 kg, azithromycin suspension should be measured as closely as possible. For children weighing 15 kg or more, azithromycin suspension should be administered according to the guide provided below:

AZITHROMYCIN SUSPENSION 30 mg/kg Total Treatment Dose
Weight (kg)	3-Day Regimen	5-Day Regimen
<15	10 mg/kg once daily on days 1-3	10 mg/kg on day 1, then 5 mg/kg once daily on days 2-5
15-25	200 mg (5 ml) once daily on days 1-3	200 mg (5 ml) on day 1, then 100 mg (2.5 ml) once daily on days 2-5
26-35	300 mg (7.5 ml) once daily on days 1-3	300 mg (7.5 ml) on day 1, then 150 mg (3.75 ml) once daily on days 2-5
36-45	400 mg (10 ml) once daily on days 1-3	400 mg (10 ml) on day 1, then 200 mg (5 ml) once daily on days 2-5
>45	Dose as per adults	Dose as per adults

The safety of re-dosing azithromycin in pediatric patients who vomit after receiving 30 mg/kg as asingle dose has not been established. In clinical studies involving 487 patients with acute otitis media given a single 30 mg/kg dose of azithromycin, eight patients who vomited within 30 minutes of dosing were re-dosed at the same total dose.

Storage:

– Store capsules at a temperature below 30 C°.

– Store tablets at a temperature between 15-30 Cْ.

– store dry powder of oral suspension below 30°C , away from moisture .

– After constituation store suspension at temperature below 30° C. use it within 10 days. Discard after full dosing is completed.

– shake the bottle well before each use .

– Keep this medicine out of the reach of children

Packing:

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 200 mg / 5 ml : a bottle contains dry powder for oral suspension of 15 , 30 ml after

reconstitution.

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 250 mg: a box contains 6 capsules.

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 500 mg: a box contains 3 f.c. tablets.

Packing :6 cap.

Form : Capsules

Theraputic Categories : Anti- infectives

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Azithromycin (dihydrate) 250 mg.

Composition and excipients:

Each AZITHROMYCIN IBN HAYYAN F.C. Tablet contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 500 mg ( as dihydrate).

inactive ingredients:

* Core: Prosolv, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Magnesium Stearate, Cross Carmellose Sodium, Talc, Colloidal anhydrous silica, Microcrystalline Cellulose.

*Film: Hypromellose, Talc, Polyethylene Glycol, and Titanium dioxide.

Each Azithromycin IBN HAYYAN capsule contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 250 mg ( as dihydrate).

inactive ingredients: Lactose, corn starch, magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate.

Each 5ml of AZITHROMYCIN IBN HAYYAN oral suspension after reconstitution contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 200 mg of ( as dihydrate ) .

inactive ingredients: Sugar, Xanthan Gum, Sodium benzoate, Sodium citrate, citric acid and Orange flavor.

Pharmacological properties and mechanism of action:

Microbiology:

Azithromycin is effective against a wide variety of the following bacteria organisms :

– Aerobic Gram-Positive Microorganisms: such as Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Streptococcus pyogenes .

– Aerobic Gram-Negative Microorganisms: such as Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

– Other microorgaisms: such as Chlamydia trachomatis , Chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae.

– Beta-lactamase production should have no effect on azithromycin activity.

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption: The absolute bioavailability of azithromycin 250 mg capsules is 38%.

When a single 500 mg dose of azithromycin (two 250 mg capsules) is given with or without a high fat meal, food increases C_max by 23% but had no effect on AUC.

When azithromycin oral suspension is administered with food, the rate of absorption (C _max) is increased by 56 % and AUC is unchanged.

Distribution: The serum protein binding of azithromycin is variable, decreasing from 51% at 0.02 mg/ml to 7% at 2 mg/ml.

The extensive tissue distribution was confirmed by examination of additional tissues and fluids (bone, ejaculum, prostate, ovary, uterus, salpinx, stomach, liver, and gallbladder).

Special Populations

Hepatic Insufficiency: The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in subjects with hepatic impairment have not been established.

Indications:

Adults:

– Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy.

– Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes ( as an alternative to pencillin which is the first line therapy) in individuals who cannot use pencillin.

Note: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.

-Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical

drainage.

-Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

-Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). The efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established.

Children:

– Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae

– Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy.

– Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes ( as an alternative to pencillin which is the first line therapy) in individuals who cannot use pencillin.

Note: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.

Contraindications:

Azithromycin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, or any macrolide antibiotic.

Warnings & Precautions:

– This drug should be used with caution in individuals with history of arrhythmias and prolonged QT intervals.

– Pregnancy 🙁 category B) : There are no adequate studies of Azithromycin in pregnant women, so it should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

– Breastfeeding: It is not known whether azithromycin is excreted in human milk, so caution should be exercised when azithromycin is administered to a nursing woman.

– Pediatric use:

– Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media under 6 months of age have not been established.

– Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute bacterial sinusitis under 6 months of age have not been established.

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with pharyngitis/tonsillitis under 2 years of age have not been established.

– Hepatic Impairment: Because Azithromycin is principally eliminated via the liver, caution should be exersiced when it is administrated to patients with impaired hepatic function

– patients with cystic fibrosis.

– patients with nosocomially acquired infections.

– patients with known or suspected bacteremia.

– patients requiring hospitalization.

– elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia).

Adverse reactions:

-Occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias has been reported with macrolide antibiotics, including ventricular tachycardia and torsade de points, in individuals with prolonged QT intervals.

Drug interactions :

– when azithromycin and these drugs are used concomitantly, careful monitoring of patients is advised:

Antacids: Aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids reduce the peak serum concentration of Azithromycin.

Cimitidine: it is advisable to take it two hours before taking Azithromycin.

Nelfinavir: when administered in conjunction with Azithromycin, close monitoring for side effects resulting , such as liver enzyme abnormalities and hearing impairment, is warranted.

Theophylline : concurrent use of Azithromycin and theophylline is associated with increased serum concentrations of theophylline.

Digoxin—elevated serum digoxin levels.

Ergotamine or dihydroergotamine–acute ergot toxicity .

Triazolam--decrease the clearance of triazolam and thus may increase the pharmacologic effect of triazolam.

Drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P 450 system–elevations of serum carbamazepine, cyclosporine, hexobarbital, and phenytoin levels.

Dosage and Administration:

Adults:

Azithromycin ( tablets and capsules) can be taken with or without food.

– urethritis and cervicitis due to neisseria gonorrhoeae: a single 2 gram (2000 mg) dose of Azithromycin.

Hepatic Insufficiency: No dose adjustment recommendations can be made in patients with impaired hepatic function.

– No dosage adjustment is recommended based on age or gender.

Children:

Azithromycin for oral suspension can be taken with or without food.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The recommended dose of Azithromycin for oral suspension is 10mg/kg as a single dose on the first day followed by 5 mg/kg on Days 2 through 5.

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: The recommended dose is 12 mg/kg once daily for 5 days.

– Based on pediatric pharmacokinetic data, a dose of 20 mg/kg would be similar to the adult dose of 1200 mg but with a higher C_max.

AZITHROMYCIN SUSPENSION 30 mg/kg Total Treatment Dose
Weight (kg)	3-Day Regimen	5-Day Regimen
<15	10 mg/kg once daily on days 1-3	10 mg/kg on day 1, then 5 mg/kg once daily on days 2-5
15-25	200 mg (5 ml) once daily on days 1-3	200 mg (5 ml) on day 1, then 100 mg (2.5 ml) once daily on days 2-5
26-35	300 mg (7.5 ml) once daily on days 1-3	300 mg (7.5 ml) on day 1, then 150 mg (3.75 ml) once daily on days 2-5
36-45	400 mg (10 ml) once daily on days 1-3	400 mg (10 ml) on day 1, then 200 mg (5 ml) once daily on days 2-5
>45	Dose as per adults	Dose as per adults

Storage:

– Store capsules at a temperature below 30 C°.

– Store tablets at a temperature between 15-30 Cْ.

– store dry powder of oral suspension below 30°C , away from moisture .

– After constituation store suspension at temperature below 30° C. use it within 10 days. Discard after full dosing is completed.

– shake the bottle well before each use .

– Keep this medicine out of the reach of children

Packing:

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 200 mg / 5 ml : a bottle contains dry powder for oral suspension of 15 , 30 ml after

reconstitution.

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 250 mg: a box contains 6 capsules.

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 500 mg: a box contains 3 f.c. tablets.

Packing :3 tab.

Form : F.C.Tablets

Theraputic Categories : Anti- infectives

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Azithromycin (dihydrate) 500 mg.

Composition and excipients:

Each AZITHROMYCIN IBN HAYYAN F.C. Tablet contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 500 mg ( as dihydrate).

inactive ingredients:

* Core: Prosolv, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Magnesium Stearate, Cross Carmellose Sodium, Talc, Colloidal anhydrous silica, Microcrystalline Cellulose.

*Film: Hypromellose, Talc, Polyethylene Glycol, and Titanium dioxide.

Each Azithromycin IBN HAYYAN capsule contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 250 mg ( as dihydrate).

inactive ingredients: Lactose, corn starch, magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate.

Each 5ml of AZITHROMYCIN IBN HAYYAN oral suspension after reconstitution contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 200 mg of ( as dihydrate ) .

inactive ingredients: Sugar, Xanthan Gum, Sodium benzoate, Sodium citrate, citric acid and Orange flavor.

Pharmacological properties and mechanism of action:

Microbiology:

Azithromycin is effective against a wide variety of the following bacteria organisms :

– Aerobic Gram-Positive Microorganisms: such as Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Streptococcus pyogenes .

– Aerobic Gram-Negative Microorganisms: such as Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

– Other microorgaisms: such as Chlamydia trachomatis , Chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae.

– Beta-lactamase production should have no effect on azithromycin activity.

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption: The absolute bioavailability of azithromycin 250 mg capsules is 38%.

When a single 500 mg dose of azithromycin (two 250 mg capsules) is given with or without a high fat meal, food increases C_max by 23% but had no effect on AUC.

When azithromycin oral suspension is administered with food, the rate of absorption (C _max) is increased by 56 % and AUC is unchanged.

Distribution: The serum protein binding of azithromycin is variable, decreasing from 51% at 0.02 mg/ml to 7% at 2 mg/ml.

The extensive tissue distribution was confirmed by examination of additional tissues and fluids (bone, ejaculum, prostate, ovary, uterus, salpinx, stomach, liver, and gallbladder).

Special Populations

Hepatic Insufficiency: The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in subjects with hepatic impairment have not been established.

Indications:

Adults:

– Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy.

– Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes ( as an alternative to pencillin which is the first line therapy) in individuals who cannot use pencillin.

Note: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.

-Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical

drainage.

-Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

-Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). The efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established.

Children:

– Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae

– Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy.

– Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes ( as an alternative to pencillin which is the first line therapy) in individuals who cannot use pencillin.

Note: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.

Contraindications:

Azithromycin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, or any macrolide antibiotic.

Warnings & Precautions:

– This drug should be used with caution in individuals with history of arrhythmias and prolonged QT intervals.

– Pregnancy 🙁 category B) : There are no adequate studies of Azithromycin in pregnant women, so it should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

– Breastfeeding: It is not known whether azithromycin is excreted in human milk, so caution should be exercised when azithromycin is administered to a nursing woman.

– Pediatric use:

– Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media under 6 months of age have not been established.

– Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute bacterial sinusitis under 6 months of age have not been established.

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with pharyngitis/tonsillitis under 2 years of age have not been established.

– Hepatic Impairment: Because Azithromycin is principally eliminated via the liver, caution should be exersiced when it is administrated to patients with impaired hepatic function

– patients with cystic fibrosis.

– patients with nosocomially acquired infections.

– patients with known or suspected bacteremia.

– patients requiring hospitalization.

– elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia).

Adverse reactions:

-Occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias has been reported with macrolide antibiotics, including ventricular tachycardia and torsade de points, in individuals with prolonged QT intervals.

Drug interactions :

– when azithromycin and these drugs are used concomitantly, careful monitoring of patients is advised:

Antacids: Aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids reduce the peak serum concentration of Azithromycin.

Cimitidine: it is advisable to take it two hours before taking Azithromycin.

Nelfinavir: when administered in conjunction with Azithromycin, close monitoring for side effects resulting , such as liver enzyme abnormalities and hearing impairment, is warranted.

Theophylline : concurrent use of Azithromycin and theophylline is associated with increased serum concentrations of theophylline.

Digoxin—elevated serum digoxin levels.

Ergotamine or dihydroergotamine–acute ergot toxicity .

Triazolam--decrease the clearance of triazolam and thus may increase the pharmacologic effect of triazolam.

Drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P 450 system–elevations of serum carbamazepine, cyclosporine, hexobarbital, and phenytoin levels.

Dosage and Administration:

Adults:

Azithromycin ( tablets and capsules) can be taken with or without food.

– urethritis and cervicitis due to neisseria gonorrhoeae: a single 2 gram (2000 mg) dose of Azithromycin.

Hepatic Insufficiency: No dose adjustment recommendations can be made in patients with impaired hepatic function.

– No dosage adjustment is recommended based on age or gender.

Children:

Azithromycin for oral suspension can be taken with or without food.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The recommended dose of Azithromycin for oral suspension is 10mg/kg as a single dose on the first day followed by 5 mg/kg on Days 2 through 5.

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: The recommended dose is 12 mg/kg once daily for 5 days.

– Based on pediatric pharmacokinetic data, a dose of 20 mg/kg would be similar to the adult dose of 1200 mg but with a higher C_max.

AZITHROMYCIN SUSPENSION 30 mg/kg Total Treatment Dose
Weight (kg)	3-Day Regimen	5-Day Regimen
<15	10 mg/kg once daily on days 1-3	10 mg/kg on day 1, then 5 mg/kg once daily on days 2-5
15-25	200 mg (5 ml) once daily on days 1-3	200 mg (5 ml) on day 1, then 100 mg (2.5 ml) once daily on days 2-5
26-35	300 mg (7.5 ml) once daily on days 1-3	300 mg (7.5 ml) on day 1, then 150 mg (3.75 ml) once daily on days 2-5
36-45	400 mg (10 ml) once daily on days 1-3	400 mg (10 ml) on day 1, then 200 mg (5 ml) once daily on days 2-5
>45	Dose as per adults	Dose as per adults

Storage:

– Store capsules at a temperature below 30 C°.

– Store tablets at a temperature between 15-30 Cْ.

– store dry powder of oral suspension below 30°C , away from moisture .

– After constituation store suspension at temperature below 30° C. use it within 10 days. Discard after full dosing is completed.

– shake the bottle well before each use .

– Keep this medicine out of the reach of children

Packing:

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 200 mg / 5 ml : a bottle contains dry powder for oral suspension of 15 , 30 ml after

reconstitution.

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 250 mg: a box contains 6 capsules.

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 500 mg: a box contains 3 f.c. tablets.

Packing :1 vial

Form : Dry Vial

Theraputic Categories : Anti- infectives

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Azithromycin (dihydrate) 500 mg.

Composition and excipients:

Each AZITHROMYCIN IBN HAYYAN F.C. Tablet contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 500 mg ( as dihydrate).

inactive ingredients:

* Core: Prosolv, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Magnesium Stearate, Cross Carmellose Sodium, Talc, Colloidal anhydrous silica, Microcrystalline Cellulose.

*Film: Hypromellose, Talc, Polyethylene Glycol, and Titanium dioxide.

Each Azithromycin IBN HAYYAN capsule contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 250 mg ( as dihydrate).

inactive ingredients: Lactose, corn starch, magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate.

Each 5ml of AZITHROMYCIN IBN HAYYAN oral suspension after reconstitution contains:

active ingredients: Azithromycin 200 mg of ( as dihydrate ) .

inactive ingredients: Sugar, Xanthan Gum, Sodium benzoate, Sodium citrate, citric acid and Orange flavor.

Pharmacological properties and mechanism of action:

Microbiology:

Azithromycin is effective against a wide variety of the following bacteria organisms :

– Aerobic Gram-Positive Microorganisms: such as Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Streptococcus pyogenes .

– Aerobic Gram-Negative Microorganisms: such as Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

– Other microorgaisms: such as Chlamydia trachomatis , Chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae.

– Beta-lactamase production should have no effect on azithromycin activity.

Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption: The absolute bioavailability of azithromycin 250 mg capsules is 38%.

When a single 500 mg dose of azithromycin (two 250 mg capsules) is given with or without a high fat meal, food increases C_max by 23% but had no effect on AUC.

When azithromycin oral suspension is administered with food, the rate of absorption (C _max) is increased by 56 % and AUC is unchanged.

Distribution: The serum protein binding of azithromycin is variable, decreasing from 51% at 0.02 mg/ml to 7% at 2 mg/ml.

The extensive tissue distribution was confirmed by examination of additional tissues and fluids (bone, ejaculum, prostate, ovary, uterus, salpinx, stomach, liver, and gallbladder).

Special Populations

Hepatic Insufficiency: The pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in subjects with hepatic impairment have not been established.

Indications:

Adults:

– Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy.

– Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes ( as an alternative to pencillin which is the first line therapy) in individuals who cannot use pencillin.

Note: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.

-Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Abscesses usually require surgical

drainage.

-Urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

-Genital ulcer disease in men due to Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid). The efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of chancroid in women has not been established.

Children:

– Acute otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis or Streptococcus pneumoniae

– Community-acquired pneumonia due to Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients appropriate for oral therapy.

– Pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by streptococcus pyogenes ( as an alternative to pencillin which is the first line therapy) in individuals who cannot use pencillin.

Note: Penicillin by the intramuscular route is the usual drug of choice in the treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infection and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.

Contraindications:

Azithromycin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, or any macrolide antibiotic.

Warnings & Precautions:

– This drug should be used with caution in individuals with history of arrhythmias and prolonged QT intervals.

– Pregnancy 🙁 category B) : There are no adequate studies of Azithromycin in pregnant women, so it should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

– Breastfeeding: It is not known whether azithromycin is excreted in human milk, so caution should be exercised when azithromycin is administered to a nursing woman.

– Pediatric use:

– Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media under 6 months of age have not been established.

– Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute bacterial sinusitis under 6 months of age have not been established.

Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: Safety and effectiveness in the treatment of pediatric patients with pharyngitis/tonsillitis under 2 years of age have not been established.

– Hepatic Impairment: Because Azithromycin is principally eliminated via the liver, caution should be exersiced when it is administrated to patients with impaired hepatic function

– patients with cystic fibrosis.

– patients with nosocomially acquired infections.

– patients with known or suspected bacteremia.

– patients requiring hospitalization.

– elderly or debilitated patients, or patients with significant underlying health problems (including immunodeficiency or functional asplenia).

Adverse reactions:

-Occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias has been reported with macrolide antibiotics, including ventricular tachycardia and torsade de points, in individuals with prolonged QT intervals.

Drug interactions :

– when azithromycin and these drugs are used concomitantly, careful monitoring of patients is advised:

Antacids: Aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids reduce the peak serum concentration of Azithromycin.

Cimitidine: it is advisable to take it two hours before taking Azithromycin.

Nelfinavir: when administered in conjunction with Azithromycin, close monitoring for side effects resulting , such as liver enzyme abnormalities and hearing impairment, is warranted.

Theophylline : concurrent use of Azithromycin and theophylline is associated with increased serum concentrations of theophylline.

Digoxin—elevated serum digoxin levels.

Ergotamine or dihydroergotamine–acute ergot toxicity .

Triazolam--decrease the clearance of triazolam and thus may increase the pharmacologic effect of triazolam.

Drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P 450 system–elevations of serum carbamazepine, cyclosporine, hexobarbital, and phenytoin levels.

Dosage and Administration:

Adults:

Azithromycin ( tablets and capsules) can be taken with or without food.

– urethritis and cervicitis due to neisseria gonorrhoeae: a single 2 gram (2000 mg) dose of Azithromycin.

Hepatic Insufficiency: No dose adjustment recommendations can be made in patients with impaired hepatic function.

– No dosage adjustment is recommended based on age or gender.

Children:

Azithromycin for oral suspension can be taken with or without food.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The recommended dose of Azithromycin for oral suspension is 10mg/kg as a single dose on the first day followed by 5 mg/kg on Days 2 through 5.

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: The recommended dose is 12 mg/kg once daily for 5 days.

– Based on pediatric pharmacokinetic data, a dose of 20 mg/kg would be similar to the adult dose of 1200 mg but with a higher C_max.

AZITHROMYCIN SUSPENSION 30 mg/kg Total Treatment Dose
Weight (kg)	3-Day Regimen	5-Day Regimen
<15	10 mg/kg once daily on days 1-3	10 mg/kg on day 1, then 5 mg/kg once daily on days 2-5
15-25	200 mg (5 ml) once daily on days 1-3	200 mg (5 ml) on day 1, then 100 mg (2.5 ml) once daily on days 2-5
26-35	300 mg (7.5 ml) once daily on days 1-3	300 mg (7.5 ml) on day 1, then 150 mg (3.75 ml) once daily on days 2-5
36-45	400 mg (10 ml) once daily on days 1-3	400 mg (10 ml) on day 1, then 200 mg (5 ml) once daily on days 2-5
>45	Dose as per adults	Dose as per adults

Storage:

– Store capsules at a temperature below 30 C°.

– Store tablets at a temperature between 15-30 Cْ.

– store dry powder of oral suspension below 30°C , away from moisture .

– After constituation store suspension at temperature below 30° C. use it within 10 days. Discard after full dosing is completed.

– shake the bottle well before each use .

– Keep this medicine out of the reach of children

Packing:

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 200 mg / 5 ml : a bottle contains dry powder for oral suspension of 15 , 30 ml after

reconstitution.

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 250 mg: a box contains 6 capsules.

Azithromycin – Ibn – Hayyan 500 mg: a box contains 3 f.c. tablets.

Packing :1 Vial

Form : Dry Vial

Theraputic Categories : Anti- infectives

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Clarithromycin (lactobionate) 500 mg.

Composition and excipients:

Each Bactimycin F.C.tablet contains:

active ingredients: Clarithromycin 250,500 mg.
inactive ingredients:

Core: Croscarmellose sodium, Magnesium stearate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Povidone, Corn starch, Silicon dioxide, Stearic acid, and Talc

Film:Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Sorbitan monooleate, and titanium dioxide.

Each 5ml of Bactimycin oral suspension contains:

activity ingredients: Bactimycin oral suspension contains clarithromycin 125, 250 mg..
inactive ingredients: Sucrose, Methylcellulose, Sodium benzoate, Xanthan gum, and flavor.

Pharmacological properties:

Clarithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic. Clarithromycin exerts its antibacterial action by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis.

Clarithromycin is active in vitro against a variety of aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms as well as most Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) microorganisms. Clarithromycin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms both in vitro and in clinical infections:

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) consisting of:Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare, Helicobacter pylori.

Notes:

– Beta-lactamase production should have no effect on clarithromycin activity.

– Most strains of methicillin-resistant and oxacillin-resistant staphylococci are resistant to clarithromycin.

Pharmacokinetics:

After oral administration, Clarithromycin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and may be given without regard to food.

Adults:

After oral dosage 250 mg ( q 12h ), The absolute bioavailabilityof clarithromycin is approximately 50%. Peak plasma concentrations are attained within 2 to 3 hours. Steady-state peak plasma clarithromycin concentrations are attained within 3 days and are approximately 1 to 2 µg/ml. The elimination half-life of clarithromycin is about 3 to 4 hours.

the principal metabolite, 14-OH clarithromycin, attains a peak steady-state concentration of about 0.6 µg/ml and has an elimination half-life of 5 to 6 hours.

After oral dosage 500 mg ( q 8h – 12h ), Peak plasma concentrations are attained within 2 to 3 hours. Steady-state peak plasma clarithromycin concentrations are attained within 3 days and are approximately 3 to 4 µg/ml. The elimination half-life of clarithromycin is about 5 to 7 hours. the principal metabolite, 14-OH clarithromycin, attains a peak steady-state concentration of about 1 µg/ml and has an elimination half-life of 7 to 9 hours.

Children: In children requiring antibiotic therapy, administration of 7.5 mg/kg q12h doses of clarithromycin as the suspension generally resulted in steady-state peak plasma concentrations of 3 to 7 µg/ml for clarithromycin and 1 to 2 µg/ml for 14-OH clarithromycin. In HIV-infected children taking 15 mg/kg every 12 hours, steady-state clarithromycin peak concentrations generally ranged from 6 to 15 µg/ml.

Distribution: Clarithromycin and the 14-OH clarithromycin metabolite distribute readily into body tissues and fluids like lungs and tonsils. Tissue concentrations are higher than serum concentrations. Clarithromycin penetrates into the middle ear fluid of children with secretory otitis media.There are no data available on cerebrospinal fluid penetration.

Metabolism: Clarithromycin is metabolized by p-450 and results in antimicrobiological metabolite ( 14-OH clarithromycin).

Elimination: After a 250 mg tablet every 12 hours, approximately 20% of the dose is excreted in the urine as clarithromycin, while after a 500-mg tablet every 12 hours, the urinary excretion of clarithromycin is approximately 30%. In comparision, after an oral dose of 250 mg (125 mg/5 ml) suspension every 12 hours, approximately 40% is excreted in urine as clarithromycin. The major metabolite found in urine is 14-OH clarithromycin, which accounts for an additional 10% to 15% of the dose with either a 250-mg or a 500-mg tablet administered every 12 hours. The renal clearance of clarithromycin is, however, relatively independent of the dose size and approximates the normal glomerular filtration rate.

– The pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin is also altered in subjects with impaired renal function.

Indications:

Adults:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes.

Note: The usual drug of choice in the treatment and prevention of streptococcal infections and the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever is penicillin administered by either the intramuscular or the oral route. Clarithromycin is generally effective in the eradication of S. pyogenes from the nasopharynx; however, data establishing the efficacy of clarithromycin in the subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available at present.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pyogenes. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage.

– Disseminated mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare.

– Bactimycin tablets in combination with amoxicillin and lansoprazole or omeprazole , as triple therapy, are indicated for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease to eradicate H. pylori or in combination with omeprazole or ranitidine are also indicated for the treatment of patients with an active duodenal ulcer associated with H. pylori infection.

Children:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Acute otitis media due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pyogenes (Abscesses usually require surgical drainage.)

– Disseminated mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare.

–Bactimycin ( Tablets and suspension) is indicated for the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in patients with advanced HIV infection.

Contraindications:

Bactimycin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics.

Concomitant administration of Bactimycin with cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, or terfenadine is contraindicated.

Warnings and precautions:

– Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon and may permit overgrowth of clostridia. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with nearly all antibacterial agents, including clarithromycin and may range in severity from mild to life threatening. it is important to consider this diagnosis in patients who present with diarrhea subsequent to the administration of antibacterial agents. Studies indicate that a toxin produced by Clostridium difficile is a primary cause of “antibiotic-associated colitis”.

After the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis has been established, therapeutic measures should be initiated. Mild cases of pseudomembranous colitis usually respond to discontinuation of the drug alone. In moderate to severe cases, consideration should be given to management with fluids and electrolytes, protein supplementation, and treatment with an antibacterial drug clinically effective against Clostridium difficile colitis.

– Clarithromycin is principally excreted via the liver and kidney. Clarithromycin may be administered without dosage adjustment to patients with hepatic impairment and normal renal function. However, in the presence of severe renal impairment with or without coexisting hepatic impairment, decreased dosage or prolonged dosing intervals may be appropriate.

– Clarithromycin in combination with ranitidine bismuth citrate therapy is not recommended in patients with creatinine clearance less than 25 ml/min or in patients with a history of acute porphyria.

– BACTIMYCIN tablets and oral suspension can be taken with or without food and can be taken with milk.

Use in pregnancy and lactation:

Pregnancy (category c): Clarithromycin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. If pregnancy occurs while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.

Lactation: Caution should be exercised when clarithromycin is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric use: Safety and effectiveness of clarithromycin in pediatric patients under 6 months of age have not been established. The safety of clarithromycin has not been studied in MAC patients under the age of 20 months.

Geriatric use: Dosage adjustment should be considered in elderly patients with severe renal impairment.

Drug interactions:

– Clarithromycin may increase ranitidine bismuth citrate concentration in serum. Concomitant using of Clarithromycin with ranitidine bismuth citrate is not recommended in patients with creatinine clearance less than 25 ml /min and should not be used in patients with a history of acute porphyria.

– Clarithromycin may be increase serum concentrations of theophyline and carbamazepine . Blood level monitoring of these medicines may be considered.

– Clarithromycin may potentiate the effects of the oral anticoagulants, like warfarin, Prothrombin times should be carefully monitored while patients are receiving clarithromycin and oral anticoagulants simultaneously.

– Clarithromycin may increase The steady-state plasma concentrations of omeprazole.

– Simultaneous oral administration of Clarithromycin and zidovudine to HIV-infected adult patients resulted in decreased steady-state zidovudine concentrations.

– Concomitant administration of fluconazole 200 mg daily and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily lead to increase in the mean steady-state clarithromycin C _min and AUC of 33% and 18%, respectively.

– Simultaneous administration of clarithromycin tablets and didanosine to HIV-infected adult patients result in no statistically significant change in didanosine pharmacokinetics.

– Concomitant administration of clarithromycin and tefenadine is contraindicated.

– Clarithromycin may be administered without dosage adjustment to patients with normal renal function taking ritonavir. However, for patients with renal impairment, the following dosage adjustments should be considered. For patients with CL CR 30 to 60 ml/min, the dose of clarithromycin should be reduced by 50%. For patients with CL CR < 30 ml/min, the dose of clarithromycin should be decreased by 75%.

– Serum digoxin concentrations should be carefully monitored while patients are receiving digoxin and clarithromycin simultaneously.

– Coadministration of erythromycin or clarithromycin and a drug primarily metabolized by CYP3A may be associated with elevations in drug concentrations that could increase or prolong both the therapeutic and adverse effects of the concomitant drug. Blood level monitoring of these medicines may be considered. Examples of theses drugs:

1- Anti-arrhythmics like quinidine and disopyramide.

2- Anti-migraine drugs Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine

3- Triazolobenziodidiazepines (such as triazolam and alprazolam) and related benzodiazepines (such as midazolam).

4- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (e.g., lovastatin and simvastatin).

5- Sildenafil, cyclosporine, carbamazepine, tacrolimus, alfentanil, disopyramide, rifabutin, quinidine, methylprednisolone, cilostazol, and bromocriptine.

– In addition, there have been reports of interactions of erythromycin or clarithromycin with drugs not thought to be metabolized by CYP3A including hexobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate.

– Concomitant administration of Bactimycin with cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, or terfenadine is contraindicated.

Adverse reactions:

– The majority of side effects observed in clinical trials were of a mild and transient nature. The most frequently reported events in adults taking BACTIMYCIN were diarrhea , nausea , abnormal taste , dyspepsia, abdominal pain/discomfort , and headache . In pediatric patients, the most frequently reported events were diarrhea , vomiting , abdominal pain , rash , and headache.

Post-marketing side effects that have been happened: Allergic reactions, glossitis, stomatitis, oral moniliasis, pancreatitis, tongue and tooth discoloration, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, dizziness, transient CNS events including anxiety, behavioral changes, confusional states, Hepatic dysfunction, hypoglycemia, QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias.

Dosage and administration:

ADULTS:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to S. pyogenes: 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae: 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.

– Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to:

– H. influenzae:500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– H. parainfluenzae 500 mg every 12 hours for 7 days.

– M. catarrhalis 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– S. pneumoniae 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to:

– H. influenzae 250 mg every 12 hours for 7 days.

– S. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae: 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure due to S. aureus, or S. pyogenes: 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– H. pylori Eradication to Reduce the Risk of Duodenal Ulcer Recurrence

Triple therapy: BACTIMYCIN/lansoprazole/amoxicillin: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN, 30 mg lansoprazole, and 1 gram amoxicillin, all given twice daily (q12h) for 10 or 14 days.

Bactimycin/omeprazole/amoxicillin: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN, 20 mg omeprazole, and 1 gram amoxicillin, all given twice daily (q12h) for 10 days. In patients with an ulcer present at the time of initiation of therapy, an additional 18 days of omeprazole 20 mg once daily is recommended for ulcer healing and symptom relief.

Dual therapy: BACTIMYCIN/omeprazole : 500 mg BACTIMYCIN given three times daily (q8h) and 40 mg omeprazole given once daily (qAM) for 14 days. An additional 14 days of omeprazole 20 mg once daily is recommended for ulcer healing and symptom relief.

BACTIMYCIN/ranitidine bismuth citrate: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN given twice daily (q12h) or three times daily (q8h) and 400 mg ranitidine bismuth citrate given twice daily (q12h) for 14 days. An additional 14 days of 400 mg twice daily is recommended for ulcer healing and symptom relief.

Children:

The usual recommended daily dosage of clarithromycin oral suspension in children ( > 6 months) is 15 mg/kg/day divided q12h ( 7.5 mg / kg q12h) for 10 days.

PEDIATRIC DOSAGE GUIDELINES Based on Body Weight Dosing Calculated on 7.5 mg / kg q12h
250 mg/5 mL	125 mg/5 mL	Dose (q12h)	Weight ( Kg)
1.25 mL q12h	2.5 mL q12h	62.5 mg	9
2.5 mL q12h	5 mL q12h	125 mg	17
3.75 mL q12h	7.5 mL q12h	187.5 mg	25
5 mL q12h	10 mL q12h	250 mg	33

Treatment and prophylaxis of Mycobacterial infections: Clarithromycin is the primary agent for the treatment of disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium avium complex. Clarithromycin should be used in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs that have shown activity in MAC treatment in vitro or clinically. The recommended dose for treatment and prophylaxis of mycobacterial infections in adults is 500 mg b.i.d. In children, the recommended dose is 7.5 mg/kg b.i.d. up to 500 mg b.i.d. Dosing recommendations for children are in the table above.

Dosage in liver and kidney impairement:

Clarithromycin may be administered without dosage adjustment in the presence of hepatic impairment if there is normal renal function. However, in the presence of severe renal impairment (CR Cl < 30 ml/min), with or without coexisting hepatic impairment, the dose should be halved or the dosing interval doubled.

Overdosage:

– Overdosage of Bactimycin can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea.

– Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures.

– As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum concentrations are not expected to be appreciably affected by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Storage:

– Store Bactimycin tablets at a temperature between 15-30 ° C.

– Store Bactimycin dry powder for oral suspension at a temperature between 15° – 30°C. After reconstitution, use within 14 days .Don’t refrigerate, Store at a temperature between 15° – 30°C.

– Shake the suspension well before each use.

Packing:

Tablets: A box contains 14 film-coated tablets.

Oral suspension: A bottle of 60 -100 ml, containing dry powder for oral suspension, with a syringe 5 ml.

Packing :60 ml.

Form : Dry Suspension

Theraputic Categories : Pediatric Drugs

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Clarithromycin 125 mg. / 5ml.

Packing :100 ml.

Form : Dry Suspension

Theraputic Categories : Pediatric Drugs

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Clarithromycin 125 mg. / 5ml.

Packing :60 ml.

Form : Dry Suspension

Theraputic Categories : Pediatric Drugs

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Clarithromycin 250 mg. / 5ml.

Composition and excipients:

Each Bactimycin F.C.tablet contains:

active ingredients: Clarithromycin 250,500 mg.
inactive ingredients:

Core: Croscarmellose sodium, Magnesium stearate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Povidone, Corn starch, Silicon dioxide, Stearic acid, and Talc

Film:Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Sorbitan monooleate, and titanium dioxide.

Each 5ml of Bactimycin oral suspension contains:

activity ingredients: Bactimycin oral suspension contains clarithromycin 125, 250 mg..
inactive ingredients: Sucrose, Methylcellulose, Sodium benzoate, Xanthan gum, and flavor.

Pharmacological properties:

Notes:

– Beta-lactamase production should have no effect on clarithromycin activity.

– Most strains of methicillin-resistant and oxacillin-resistant staphylococci are resistant to clarithromycin.

Pharmacokinetics:

After oral administration, Clarithromycin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and may be given without regard to food.

Adults:

the principal metabolite, 14-OH clarithromycin, attains a peak steady-state concentration of about 0.6 µg/ml and has an elimination half-life of 5 to 6 hours.

Metabolism: Clarithromycin is metabolized by p-450 and results in antimicrobiological metabolite ( 14-OH clarithromycin).

– The pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin is also altered in subjects with impaired renal function.

Indications:

Adults:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pyogenes. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage.

– Disseminated mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare.

Children:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Acute otitis media due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pyogenes (Abscesses usually require surgical drainage.)

– Disseminated mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare.

–Bactimycin ( Tablets and suspension) is indicated for the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in patients with advanced HIV infection.

Contraindications:

Bactimycin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics.

Concomitant administration of Bactimycin with cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, or terfenadine is contraindicated.

Warnings and precautions:

– BACTIMYCIN tablets and oral suspension can be taken with or without food and can be taken with milk.

Use in pregnancy and lactation:

Lactation: Caution should be exercised when clarithromycin is administered to a nursing woman.

Geriatric use: Dosage adjustment should be considered in elderly patients with severe renal impairment.

Drug interactions:

– Clarithromycin may be increase serum concentrations of theophyline and carbamazepine . Blood level monitoring of these medicines may be considered.

– Clarithromycin may increase The steady-state plasma concentrations of omeprazole.

– Simultaneous oral administration of Clarithromycin and zidovudine to HIV-infected adult patients resulted in decreased steady-state zidovudine concentrations.

– Concomitant administration of fluconazole 200 mg daily and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily lead to increase in the mean steady-state clarithromycin C _min and AUC of 33% and 18%, respectively.

– Simultaneous administration of clarithromycin tablets and didanosine to HIV-infected adult patients result in no statistically significant change in didanosine pharmacokinetics.

– Concomitant administration of clarithromycin and tefenadine is contraindicated.

– Serum digoxin concentrations should be carefully monitored while patients are receiving digoxin and clarithromycin simultaneously.

1- Anti-arrhythmics like quinidine and disopyramide.

2- Anti-migraine drugs Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine

3- Triazolobenziodidiazepines (such as triazolam and alprazolam) and related benzodiazepines (such as midazolam).

4- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (e.g., lovastatin and simvastatin).

5- Sildenafil, cyclosporine, carbamazepine, tacrolimus, alfentanil, disopyramide, rifabutin, quinidine, methylprednisolone, cilostazol, and bromocriptine.

– In addition, there have been reports of interactions of erythromycin or clarithromycin with drugs not thought to be metabolized by CYP3A including hexobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate.

– Concomitant administration of Bactimycin with cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, or terfenadine is contraindicated.

Adverse reactions:

Post-marketing side effects that have been happened: Allergic reactions, glossitis, stomatitis, oral moniliasis, pancreatitis, tongue and tooth discoloration, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, dizziness, transient CNS events including anxiety, behavioral changes, confusional states, Hepatic dysfunction, hypoglycemia, QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias.

Dosage and administration:

ADULTS:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to S. pyogenes: 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae: 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.

– Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to:

– H. influenzae:500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– H. parainfluenzae 500 mg every 12 hours for 7 days.

– M. catarrhalis 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– S. pneumoniae 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to:

– H. influenzae 250 mg every 12 hours for 7 days.

– S. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae: 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure due to S. aureus, or S. pyogenes: 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– H. pylori Eradication to Reduce the Risk of Duodenal Ulcer Recurrence

Triple therapy: BACTIMYCIN/lansoprazole/amoxicillin: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN, 30 mg lansoprazole, and 1 gram amoxicillin, all given twice daily (q12h) for 10 or 14 days.

Bactimycin/omeprazole/amoxicillin: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN, 20 mg omeprazole, and 1 gram amoxicillin, all given twice daily (q12h) for 10 days. In patients with an ulcer present at the time of initiation of therapy, an additional 18 days of omeprazole 20 mg once daily is recommended for ulcer healing and symptom relief.

BACTIMYCIN/ranitidine bismuth citrate: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN given twice daily (q12h) or three times daily (q8h) and 400 mg ranitidine bismuth citrate given twice daily (q12h) for 14 days. An additional 14 days of 400 mg twice daily is recommended for ulcer healing and symptom relief.

Children:

The usual recommended daily dosage of clarithromycin oral suspension in children ( > 6 months) is 15 mg/kg/day divided q12h ( 7.5 mg / kg q12h) for 10 days.

PEDIATRIC DOSAGE GUIDELINES Based on Body Weight Dosing Calculated on 7.5 mg / kg q12h
250 mg/5 mL	125 mg/5 mL	Dose (q12h)	Weight ( Kg)
1.25 mL q12h	2.5 mL q12h	62.5 mg	9
2.5 mL q12h	5 mL q12h	125 mg	17
3.75 mL q12h	7.5 mL q12h	187.5 mg	25
5 mL q12h	10 mL q12h	250 mg	33

Dosage in liver and kidney impairement:

Overdosage:

– Overdosage of Bactimycin can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea.

– Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures.

– As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum concentrations are not expected to be appreciably affected by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Storage:

– Store Bactimycin tablets at a temperature between 15-30 ° C.

– Shake the suspension well before each use.

Packing:

Tablets: A box contains 14 film-coated tablets.

Oral suspension: A bottle of 60 -100 ml, containing dry powder for oral suspension, with a syringe 5 ml.

Packing :14 tab.

Form : F.C.Tablets

Theraputic Categories : Anti- infectives

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Clarithromycin 250 mg.

Composition and excipients:

Each Bactimycin F.C.tablet contains:

active ingredients: Clarithromycin 250,500 mg.
inactive ingredients:

Core: Croscarmellose sodium, Magnesium stearate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Povidone, Corn starch, Silicon dioxide, Stearic acid, and Talc

Film:Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Sorbitan monooleate, and titanium dioxide.

Each 5ml of Bactimycin oral suspension contains:

activity ingredients: Bactimycin oral suspension contains clarithromycin 125, 250 mg..
inactive ingredients: Sucrose, Methylcellulose, Sodium benzoate, Xanthan gum, and flavor.

Pharmacological properties:

Notes:

– Beta-lactamase production should have no effect on clarithromycin activity.

– Most strains of methicillin-resistant and oxacillin-resistant staphylococci are resistant to clarithromycin.

Pharmacokinetics:

After oral administration, Clarithromycin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and may be given without regard to food.

Adults:

the principal metabolite, 14-OH clarithromycin, attains a peak steady-state concentration of about 0.6 µg/ml and has an elimination half-life of 5 to 6 hours.

Metabolism: Clarithromycin is metabolized by p-450 and results in antimicrobiological metabolite ( 14-OH clarithromycin).

– The pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin is also altered in subjects with impaired renal function.

Indications:

Adults:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pyogenes. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage.

– Disseminated mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare.

Children:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Acute otitis media due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pyogenes (Abscesses usually require surgical drainage.)

– Disseminated mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare.

–Bactimycin ( Tablets and suspension) is indicated for the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in patients with advanced HIV infection.

Contraindications:

Bactimycin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics.

Concomitant administration of Bactimycin with cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, or terfenadine is contraindicated.

Warnings and precautions:

– BACTIMYCIN tablets and oral suspension can be taken with or without food and can be taken with milk.

Use in pregnancy and lactation:

Lactation: Caution should be exercised when clarithromycin is administered to a nursing woman.

Geriatric use: Dosage adjustment should be considered in elderly patients with severe renal impairment.

Drug interactions:

– Clarithromycin may be increase serum concentrations of theophyline and carbamazepine . Blood level monitoring of these medicines may be considered.

– Clarithromycin may increase The steady-state plasma concentrations of omeprazole.

– Simultaneous oral administration of Clarithromycin and zidovudine to HIV-infected adult patients resulted in decreased steady-state zidovudine concentrations.

– Concomitant administration of fluconazole 200 mg daily and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily lead to increase in the mean steady-state clarithromycin C _min and AUC of 33% and 18%, respectively.

– Simultaneous administration of clarithromycin tablets and didanosine to HIV-infected adult patients result in no statistically significant change in didanosine pharmacokinetics.

– Concomitant administration of clarithromycin and tefenadine is contraindicated.

– Serum digoxin concentrations should be carefully monitored while patients are receiving digoxin and clarithromycin simultaneously.

1- Anti-arrhythmics like quinidine and disopyramide.

2- Anti-migraine drugs Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine

3- Triazolobenziodidiazepines (such as triazolam and alprazolam) and related benzodiazepines (such as midazolam).

4- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (e.g., lovastatin and simvastatin).

5- Sildenafil, cyclosporine, carbamazepine, tacrolimus, alfentanil, disopyramide, rifabutin, quinidine, methylprednisolone, cilostazol, and bromocriptine.

– In addition, there have been reports of interactions of erythromycin or clarithromycin with drugs not thought to be metabolized by CYP3A including hexobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate.

– Concomitant administration of Bactimycin with cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, or terfenadine is contraindicated.

Adverse reactions:

Post-marketing side effects that have been happened: Allergic reactions, glossitis, stomatitis, oral moniliasis, pancreatitis, tongue and tooth discoloration, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, dizziness, transient CNS events including anxiety, behavioral changes, confusional states, Hepatic dysfunction, hypoglycemia, QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias.

Dosage and administration:

ADULTS:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to S. pyogenes: 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae: 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.

– Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to:

– H. influenzae:500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– H. parainfluenzae 500 mg every 12 hours for 7 days.

– M. catarrhalis 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– S. pneumoniae 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to:

– H. influenzae 250 mg every 12 hours for 7 days.

– S. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae: 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure due to S. aureus, or S. pyogenes: 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– H. pylori Eradication to Reduce the Risk of Duodenal Ulcer Recurrence

Triple therapy: BACTIMYCIN/lansoprazole/amoxicillin: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN, 30 mg lansoprazole, and 1 gram amoxicillin, all given twice daily (q12h) for 10 or 14 days.

Bactimycin/omeprazole/amoxicillin: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN, 20 mg omeprazole, and 1 gram amoxicillin, all given twice daily (q12h) for 10 days. In patients with an ulcer present at the time of initiation of therapy, an additional 18 days of omeprazole 20 mg once daily is recommended for ulcer healing and symptom relief.

BACTIMYCIN/ranitidine bismuth citrate: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN given twice daily (q12h) or three times daily (q8h) and 400 mg ranitidine bismuth citrate given twice daily (q12h) for 14 days. An additional 14 days of 400 mg twice daily is recommended for ulcer healing and symptom relief.

Children:

The usual recommended daily dosage of clarithromycin oral suspension in children ( > 6 months) is 15 mg/kg/day divided q12h ( 7.5 mg / kg q12h) for 10 days.

PEDIATRIC DOSAGE GUIDELINES Based on Body Weight Dosing Calculated on 7.5 mg / kg q12h
250 mg/5 mL	125 mg/5 mL	Dose (q12h)	Weight ( Kg)
1.25 mL q12h	2.5 mL q12h	62.5 mg	9
2.5 mL q12h	5 mL q12h	125 mg	17
3.75 mL q12h	7.5 mL q12h	187.5 mg	25
5 mL q12h	10 mL q12h	250 mg	33

Dosage in liver and kidney impairement:

Overdosage:

– Overdosage of Bactimycin can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea.

– Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures.

– As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum concentrations are not expected to be appreciably affected by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Storage:

– Store Bactimycin tablets at a temperature between 15-30 ° C.

– Shake the suspension well before each use.

Packing:

Tablets: A box contains 14 film-coated tablets.

Oral suspension: A bottle of 60 -100 ml, containing dry powder for oral suspension, with a syringe 5 ml.

Packing :14 tab.

Form : F.C.Tablets

Theraputic Categories : Anti- infectives

Indications : macrolide antibiotic

Composition :Clarithromycin 500 mg.

Composition and excipients:

Each Bactimycin F.C.tablet contains:

active ingredients: Clarithromycin 250,500 mg.
inactive ingredients:

Core: Croscarmellose sodium, Magnesium stearate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Povidone, Corn starch, Silicon dioxide, Stearic acid, and Talc

Film:Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Sorbitan monooleate, and titanium dioxide.

Each 5ml of Bactimycin oral suspension contains:

activity ingredients: Bactimycin oral suspension contains clarithromycin 125, 250 mg..
inactive ingredients: Sucrose, Methylcellulose, Sodium benzoate, Xanthan gum, and flavor.

Pharmacological properties:

Notes:

– Beta-lactamase production should have no effect on clarithromycin activity.

– Most strains of methicillin-resistant and oxacillin-resistant staphylococci are resistant to clarithromycin.

Pharmacokinetics:

After oral administration, Clarithromycin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and may be given without regard to food.

Adults:

the principal metabolite, 14-OH clarithromycin, attains a peak steady-state concentration of about 0.6 µg/ml and has an elimination half-life of 5 to 6 hours.

Metabolism: Clarithromycin is metabolized by p-450 and results in antimicrobiological metabolite ( 14-OH clarithromycin).

– The pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin is also altered in subjects with impaired renal function.

Indications:

Adults:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pyogenes. Abscesses usually require surgical drainage.

– Disseminated mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare.

Children:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Chlamydia pneumoniae.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Acute otitis media due to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pyogenes (Abscesses usually require surgical drainage.)

– Disseminated mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare.

–Bactimycin ( Tablets and suspension) is indicated for the prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease in patients with advanced HIV infection.

Contraindications:

Bactimycin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to Clarithromycin, erythromycin, or any of the macrolide antibiotics.

Concomitant administration of Bactimycin with cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, or terfenadine is contraindicated.

Warnings and precautions:

– BACTIMYCIN tablets and oral suspension can be taken with or without food and can be taken with milk.

Use in pregnancy and lactation:

Lactation: Caution should be exercised when clarithromycin is administered to a nursing woman.

Geriatric use: Dosage adjustment should be considered in elderly patients with severe renal impairment.

Drug interactions:

– Clarithromycin may be increase serum concentrations of theophyline and carbamazepine . Blood level monitoring of these medicines may be considered.

– Clarithromycin may increase The steady-state plasma concentrations of omeprazole.

– Simultaneous oral administration of Clarithromycin and zidovudine to HIV-infected adult patients resulted in decreased steady-state zidovudine concentrations.

– Concomitant administration of fluconazole 200 mg daily and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily lead to increase in the mean steady-state clarithromycin C _min and AUC of 33% and 18%, respectively.

– Simultaneous administration of clarithromycin tablets and didanosine to HIV-infected adult patients result in no statistically significant change in didanosine pharmacokinetics.

– Concomitant administration of clarithromycin and tefenadine is contraindicated.

– Serum digoxin concentrations should be carefully monitored while patients are receiving digoxin and clarithromycin simultaneously.

1- Anti-arrhythmics like quinidine and disopyramide.

2- Anti-migraine drugs Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine

3- Triazolobenziodidiazepines (such as triazolam and alprazolam) and related benzodiazepines (such as midazolam).

4- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (e.g., lovastatin and simvastatin).

5- Sildenafil, cyclosporine, carbamazepine, tacrolimus, alfentanil, disopyramide, rifabutin, quinidine, methylprednisolone, cilostazol, and bromocriptine.

– In addition, there have been reports of interactions of erythromycin or clarithromycin with drugs not thought to be metabolized by CYP3A including hexobarbital, phenytoin, and valproate.

– Concomitant administration of Bactimycin with cisapride, pimozide, astemizole, or terfenadine is contraindicated.

Adverse reactions:

Post-marketing side effects that have been happened: Allergic reactions, glossitis, stomatitis, oral moniliasis, pancreatitis, tongue and tooth discoloration, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, dizziness, transient CNS events including anxiety, behavioral changes, confusional states, Hepatic dysfunction, hypoglycemia, QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias.

Dosage and administration:

ADULTS:

– Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis due to S. pyogenes: 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.

– Acute maxillary sinusitis due to H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae: 500 mg every 12 hours for 14 days.

– Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to:

– H. influenzae:500 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– H. parainfluenzae 500 mg every 12 hours for 7 days.

– M. catarrhalis 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– S. pneumoniae 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to:

– H. influenzae 250 mg every 12 hours for 7 days.

– S. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae: 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– Uncomplicated skin and skin structure due to S. aureus, or S. pyogenes: 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.

– H. pylori Eradication to Reduce the Risk of Duodenal Ulcer Recurrence

Triple therapy: BACTIMYCIN/lansoprazole/amoxicillin: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN, 30 mg lansoprazole, and 1 gram amoxicillin, all given twice daily (q12h) for 10 or 14 days.

Bactimycin/omeprazole/amoxicillin: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN, 20 mg omeprazole, and 1 gram amoxicillin, all given twice daily (q12h) for 10 days. In patients with an ulcer present at the time of initiation of therapy, an additional 18 days of omeprazole 20 mg once daily is recommended for ulcer healing and symptom relief.

BACTIMYCIN/ranitidine bismuth citrate: 500 mg BACTIMYCIN given twice daily (q12h) or three times daily (q8h) and 400 mg ranitidine bismuth citrate given twice daily (q12h) for 14 days. An additional 14 days of 400 mg twice daily is recommended for ulcer healing and symptom relief.

Children:

The usual recommended daily dosage of clarithromycin oral suspension in children ( > 6 months) is 15 mg/kg/day divided q12h ( 7.5 mg / kg q12h) for 10 days.

PEDIATRIC DOSAGE GUIDELINES Based on Body Weight Dosing Calculated on 7.5 mg / kg q12h
250 mg/5 mL	125 mg/5 mL	Dose (q12h)	Weight ( Kg)
1.25 mL q12h	2.5 mL q12h	62.5 mg	9
2.5 mL q12h	5 mL q12h	125 mg	17
3.75 mL q12h	7.5 mL q12h	187.5 mg	25
5 mL q12h	10 mL q12h	250 mg	33

Dosage in liver and kidney impairement:

Overdosage:

– Overdosage of Bactimycin can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea.

– Adverse reactions accompanying overdosage should be treated by the prompt elimination of unabsorbed drug and supportive measures.

– As with other macrolides, clarithromycin serum concentrations are not expected to be appreciably affected by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Storage:

– Store Bactimycin tablets at a temperature between 15-30 ° C.

– Shake the suspension well before each use.

Packing:

Tablets: A box contains 14 film-coated tablets.

Oral suspension: A bottle of 60 -100 ml, containing dry powder for oral suspension, with a syringe 5 ml.